Iron Ore Logistics: Fines vs. Lumps & Maritime Safety Standards

Deploying Panamax (60k MT) or Capesize (150k MT) vessels for Iron Ore requires strict adherence to the IMSBC Code. WorldwideTradeX ensures all hematite and magnetite shipments meet both metallurgical requirements for blast furnaces and the critical safety thresholds for ocean transport.

Iron Ore Fines (0-10mm) & Sintering
Iron Ore Lumps (10-40mm): Direct Charge
Safety: Moisture (TML) & Liquefaction Risk
Technical Specifications Table

1. Iron Ore Fines (0-10mm): The Sinter Feed

Fines are the high-volume substrate for global steel production, typically requiring thermal processing before use.

Agglomeration: Fines must be sintered to create permeable "clinkers" suitable for blast furnace airflow.

Economics: Fines trade at a lower per-unit price due to the energy costs associated with sintering.

2. Iron Ore Lumps: Premium Direct Charge

Lumps represent the most efficient ore format, prized for their ability to bypass intermediate processing.

Direct Charge: Lumps are fed directly into the furnace, significantly reducing the steel mill's carbon footprint and energy bill.

Moisture Advantage: Lumps naturally retain less water than fines, making them safer for long-haul storage.

3. Maritime Safety: TML and the Liquefaction Threat

The "Silent Killer" of bulk carriers is cargo liquefaction.

TML (Transportable Moisture Limit): If moisture in fines exceeds the TML (typically 8-10%), the cargo can shift during transit, causing the ship to capsize.

Verification: We mandate Flow Moisture Point (FMP) testing by SGS at the stockpile before loading to ensure cargo is safe for the high seas.

4. Technical Specifications: Iron Hub

Component	Standard Fines (62%)	Premium Lumps (63.5%+)
Fe Content	62.0% Basis	63.5% - 65% Min
Size	0 - 10 mm (90% Min)	10 - 40 mm (90% Min)
Moisture	8.0% Max (TML)	4.0% Max
Silica (SiO2)	4.5% Max	3.5% Max
Sulphur (S)	0.05% Max	0.04% Max

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is iron ore Fe content and why does it determine price?

Iron ore is priced primarily on its Fe (iron) content. The benchmark is 62% Fe CFR China (Qingdao). Each 1% Fe above or below 62% adds or subtracts approximately $1–2/MT from the base price. Higher Fe content means less gangue (waste rock) and lower smelting costs for steel mills.

What are the main iron ore origins and their quality profiles?

Australia (Pilbara region — BHP, Rio Tinto) produces high-Fe, low-alumina ore. Brazil (Vale — Carajás) produces ultra-high Fe (65%+) ore. India produces medium-grade ore. Australian and Brazilian origins dominate global seaborne trade, with China as the primary destination.

What vessel sizes are used for iron ore bulk shipments?

Capesize vessels (150,000–400,000 DWT) are the standard for large iron ore shipments from Australia and Brazil to China. Panamax (60,000–80,000 DWT) vessels are used for smaller volumes or ports with draft restrictions. Freight cost is a major component of CFR pricing.

What documentation is required for iron ore export?

Standard documents: Certificate of Origin, SGS/Bureau Veritas weight and quality certificate, Bill of Lading, Packing List, and Commercial Invoice. Some destinations require additional certificates (radiation clearance, moisture content for DRI-grade ore).